By Sumedha
What is dyslexia?
Dyslexia is a learning processing disorder that affects language, writing, and speaking. However, their intelligence level is far from being low they have above-average IQ. Most experts believe that 5-10% have it but some tell 17%.
What are the symptoms?
They have problems reading aloud and they avoid doing it, they also get their spellings and pronunciations wrong. They have a hard time making a summary. They also face issues in learning a new language and doing word problems in math.
What are the causes?
GENETICS- a child with one dyslexic parent has a 30-50% chance of inheriting it and people who have Down syndrome can also become dyslexic. There are specific gene variations that affect DYX1C1 and KIAA0319
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS - Their brain works differently and functions differently compared to a normal brain. Infections, toxic exposures, and other events can disrupt fetal development which causes these disorders
What is it like to have dyslexia?
They often feel inferior in front of their classmates, face anxiety, depression, frustration, demotivation, and low self-esteem, and get distracted easily.
While reading they might get confused between words like “now” “won” “left” and “felt” and often mispronounce them. For them, it’s as if words blend and their spaces disappear. They often struggle to remember things because it takes so much effort for them and they have a short attention span. Reading is challenging and managing time is difficult and often has a messy place. They may also face discrimination and bullying. It's not that they cannot learn, they can but they learn at a much slower pace than an average person.
Treatment
There are no specific medications or a cure for it but there are a few things that help with it.
READING - Phonic-based learning- teaches them how to pronounce the words
Reading faster
Writing more clearly
Few reading programs to help there are Orton-Gillingham and multisensory instructions are a few reading programs that help positively with dyslexia
Extra Help
Help them be there with them and give them extra support
Awareness
Because of the rising awareness of dyslexia, there are evolving policies across the world like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in the US and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India to help in tackling and accommodating people with dyslexia.
References
● Better Health Channel. (n.d.). Dyslexia.
● Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Dyslexia.
● UNESCO MGIEP. (n.d.). Living with dyslexia.
● Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Dyslexia: Symptoms, causes, and treatments.
● Understood. (n.d.). What is dyslexia?
● Dyslexic.org.uk. (n.d.). Genetics of dyslexia.
● WebMD. (n.d.). Understanding dyslexia: Treatment and support.
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